The iranian revolution past, present and future content. Sep 18, 2006 this is a clip from a documentary titled crisis in iran by the history channel with mike wallace. Aug 17, 2009 remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks to iranianborn journalist kasra naji about. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of.
Islamic revolution in iran that would alter this country forever. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. Causes and consequences for regional stability leicester university dissertation. The shah fled into exile in january 1979 and exiled cleric ayatollah. Doctor of philosophy history in the university of michigan. The revolution led to a surge in iranianbacked terrorism that continues, albeit in quite different forms, to this day. The iranian revolution also known as the islamic revolution or the 1979 revolution, was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the last monarch. The iranian revolution 1977 1979 download pdf version by stephen zunes april 2009. What was iranian about the islamic revolution in 1979.
During this era, iran experienced a harsh economic downturn, urban. Ideology, politics, and the development of military power in iran 1979 2009 by. The islamic revolution of 1979 took place in a nonarab country with a rich historical heritage. If the 1979 nicaraguan revolution and sandinista regime were of limited consequence for world politics in the grand scheme of things, the iranian revolution and islamic republic. The iranian revolution and its legacy of terrorism lawfare.
Heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and. The leadership of the islamic republic has avoided repeating. The islamic revolution and iran under ayatollah khomeini, 1979 1989 8 president rafsanjani and the era of reconstruction, 1989 1997 9 president khatami and the reform movement, 1997 2005 10 2 politics 15 2. Supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. Or, is there a deeper and more complicated explanation than that. Can the story of the iranian hostage crisis simply be explained as a group of evil islamic radicals committing cruel acts towards the united states. This is crucial in understanding the nuanced nature of the 1979 revolution and why it cannot be oversimplified as only an islamic revolution. Khomeinis theory of islamic state and the making of the. Forty years ago, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini spearheaded a revolution that deposed a monarchy in iran. Feb 11, 2019 forty years ago, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini spearheaded a revolution that deposed a monarchy in iran. S supported the shah for some time he even came to america for treatment in 1979 when he was suffering from cancer later died on july 1980 hostage crisis this article was about the shah which was mohammed reza pahlade who. A number of factors contributed to the failure of the.
To fully grasp irans current situation, we need to be reminded of the islamic revolution of 1979. Although the iranian revolution of 1979 resulted in the installation of ayatollah khomeini and the islamic republic, it was the mobilization of the working class and the poor that brought the shahs regime to its knees. The iranian revolution kent as the islamic revolution or 1979 revolution an aw. Depiction of islamic revolution of 1979 in marjane satrapis persepolis 3 the pahlavi dynasty was established after the overthrow of ahmad shah qajar in a military coup. The iranian revolution of 1979 was a political revolution designed to overthrow the corrupt regime of reza shah, but more importantly it was an insurrection that revolutionized the previously held notion of a revolution. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi. In some of its basic characteristics, the revolution did not conform to the usual norms of western revolutions, because the state did not represent just an ordinary dictatorship but an absolute and arbitrary system that lacked political legitimacy and a social base virtually across the whole of the society. Ruhollah khomeini returned from exile to lead the new islamic republic. Following mossadegh and the cias first coup, in 1979 iran experienced what was known as the islamic revolution. Iranian armed forces to quash the islamic revolution. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with. He also served several times as general secretary of the islamic republic party. By roger cohen tehran, irans capital, was in a state of revolt on jan. The islamic revolution of 1979 took place in a nonarab country with a rich historical heritage, universalist pretentions and a political economy that both empowered and enabled it.
The iranian revolution of 19781979 violently e nded the monarchy of shah mohammed reza pahlavi 19191980 and replaced it with an islamic republic, the theocracy of ayatollah ruhollah. The islamic revolution 1979 revolution led to a transformation of iran from a constitutional monarchy into an islamic republic, following the. James buchan read persian at oxford university and in isfahan in the 1970s and was for many years. The newsmagazine for teens tehran, irans capital, was in a state of revolt on jan. By looking at the historical, domestic, international, and socioeconomic factors related to the revolution, this case study examines the turbulent context of iranian society in. The 1979 revolution was a characteristically iranian revolution a revolution by the whole society against the state in which various ideologies were represented, the most dominant being those with islamic tendencies islamist, marxistislamic and democraticislamic and marxistleninist tendencies fadai, tudeh, maoist, trotskyist, and others. The rise and fall of the iranian revolution of 1979 nodo50. Americas hate rooted in 1979 islamic revolution alwaght prominent american linguist, philosopher, and social critic avram noam chomsky says hatred towards iran is a deepseated part of modern. Background and causes of the iranian revolution wikipedia. The 1979 islamic revolution in iran has proved one of the most consequential events in the history of modern terrorism. Although the events of 1979 became an islamic revolution, they were initially concerned with economic and political change as. In the broad scope of history, one year is merely a vapor. The iranian revolution of february 1979 middle east institute.
Women and the islamic revolution international journal. The paper aims to study the islamic revolution of 1979 in the graphic novel persepolis in the light of social, cultural and religious dimensions. Ayatollah khomeini start a movement base on pure islamic thought ashura and made a social movement that an islamic republic government concluded from that. Since the earliest days after the 1979 islamic revolution, the iranian regime has sought to build a coalition across. Pdf what was iranian about the islamic revolution in 1979. The shah, irans ruler for nearly four decades, had fled the country. Drawing upon the historical and political background of revolution, the study also articulates the struggle of marji, the chief protagonist, who is torn between the. Khamenei was one of the founders of the islamic republican party, which dominated the majlis the national legislature after the 1979 revolution.
The iranian peoples revolution is only a point in the start of the revolution of the great world of islam. A new constitution was adopted, and ayatollah khomeini became the supreme leader of the republic of iran. Many researchers believe that islamic revolution is a part of a turning point of an i. Islamic revolution simple english wikipedia, the free.
Women and the islamic revolution international journal of. Many iranians have cothe 1979 islamic revolution to the arabmuslim conquest of persia in 651 ad when arab conquerors forced the persi. Economic decline and revolutionary turmoil in the 1970s even though the peak of the revolution was in 1979, key preliminary events occurred throughout the mid 1970s. This dissertation will analyze and contend that the islamic republic of iran after the 1979 revolution can provide stability in the gulf region. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah.
Iranian revolution 1979 and persepolis by daniela rojas on. Women and the islamic revolution volume 15 issue 2 adele k. Celebrating its 35th anniversary, irans islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances. Guardians of the islamic revolution deep blue university of. Since the earliest days after the 1979 islamic revolution, the iranian regime has sought to build a coalition across the middle east to help it achieve its. Iranian revolution islamic books, islamic movies, islamic.
Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution september 30, 20 this case study investigates the social, economic, and political dynamics of 1970s iran that led the iranian people to accept, and then maintain, religion as the basis of a new political system after deposing mohammad reza shah pahlavi in 1979. Nov 25, 2019 heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran. Chapter 1 the historical background chapter 2 notes on the history of iran chapter 3 the communist party of iran chapter 4 the february revolution of 1979 chapter 5 the basis of islamic fundamentalism chapter 6 the economics of counterrevolution. Politics before modernization persia iran world war ii western invasions oil economic turmoil dissatisfaction with the regime during fomenting the revolution shah extremely secular,westernized the poor were more religious shah abused his power increased divergence between. The islamic republic of iran was proclaimed in 1979 after followers of the ayatollah khomeini drove the u. So the political character of the state morphed from monarchy to an islamic regime based on an islamic constitution and islamic laws which was characterized by restricted role of women in different social spheres. The iranian revolution of 1979 has been described as one of the epochal. Irans islamic revolution after the overthrow of the shah, an american ally became one of its biggest adversaries. The history of a revolution is for us first of all a history of the forcible entrance of the masses into realm of rulership of their own destiny. The islamic revolution may be said to have cast adverse consequences for iranian. Mar 25, 2020 iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic. Less noticed, but equally significant, the revolution provoked a response by saudi arabia and various sunni militant groups that set the stage for the rise.
Forty years after the revolution, more than two dozen experts look back on the rise of the islamic republic and explore what the startling events of 1979 continue to mean for the volatile middle. A repressive theocracy had replaced an authoritarian monarchy. The iranian revolution of 197779 was the first in a series of mass popular civil insurrections which would result in the overthrow of authoritarian regimes in dozens of countries over the next three decades. Jun 18, 2019 a referendum was held in april of 1979, and iranians voted overwhelmingly to establish an islamic republic. Ideology, politics, and the development of military power in iran 19792009 by. Iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic.
The iranian revolution was the islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of shah mohammad reza pahlavi with a religious republic led by ayatollah ruhollah khomeini its causes continue to be the subject of historical debate and are believed to have stemmed partly from a conservative backlash opposing the westernization, modernization and secularization efforts of the. The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim majority country of iran. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. Jan 29, 2009 the revolution of february 1979 was a revolt of the society against the state. Heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran.
The islamic revolution of 1979 took place in a nonarab country with a rich historical heritage, universalist pretentions and a political. Iranian revolution 1 iranian revolution iranian revolution islamic revolution 1979 revolution protesters in tehran, 1979 participants people of iran ayatollah ruhollah khomeini location iran date 19631979 result overthrow of shah mohammed reza pahlavi establishment of the islamic republic of iran headed by vilayate faqih iraniraq war. The iranian revolution 19771979 international center on. Pdf this paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that ayatollah. On balance, the iranian revolution of 1979 was more about introducing new ideas into the religiopolitical lexicon of muslims than it was about asserting iranian independence and sovereignty, mahan abedin wrote january 3, 2007, in asia times. Nato had artificially bolstered the monarch of mohammad reza shah, now known as the last shah king of iran. The revolution of february 1979 was a revolt of the society against the state. In the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini ousted mohammad reza pahlavi, who succeeded his father as shah of iran in the early 1950s. He was appointed to the council of the islamic revolution in 1979, and between 1979 and 1981 he was a member of the majlis, serving as deputy minister of defense, commander of the revolutionary guard, and representative on the supreme council of defense. The iranian revolution of february 1979 middle east. Global versus internal perceptions of the revolution. Many single years are filled with insignificant people and events. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of 2,500 years of persian monarchy mohammadi 38.
1119 372 262 1196 269 1494 319 1375 45 276 197 1257 897 1104 1503 1397 278 201 798 1004 478 1421 428 1325 212 173 1269 1132 441 455 343 102 949 713 1347 993 622 910 1407 742 646 62 678 1062